{"id":1978,"date":"2017-12-20T00:00:38","date_gmt":"2017-12-19T15:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.ymyzk.com\/?p=1978"},"modified":"2017-12-19T22:13:32","modified_gmt":"2017-12-19T13:13:32","slug":"how-packages-are-installed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ymyzk.com\/2017\/12\/how-packages-are-installed\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u304c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f CAMPHOR- Advent Calendar 2017<\/a> \u306e20\u65e5\u76ee\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

Python \u3067\u306f pip\uff0cRuby \u3067\u306f Bundler\uff0cJavaScript (Node.js) \u3067\u306f npm \u3068\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u3044\u3044\u611f\u3058\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3042\u307e\u308a\u3088\u304f\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0cRuby \u3067\u306f Gemfile<\/code> \u3084 Gemfile.lock<\/code>\uff0c Python \u3067\u306f requirements.txt<\/code>\uff0cNode.js \u3067\u306f package.json<\/code>\uff0cpackage-lock.json<\/code>\uff0cyarn.lock<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u304c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u307e\u305a\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\uff0c\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u9806\u306b\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u4e3b\u306b JavaScript \u3084 Python\uff0cRuby \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u7ba1\u7406\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8272\u3005\u5dee\u7570\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n

\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3084\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\uff0c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u8a00\u8a9e\u6bce\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u4ed6\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u6c4e\u7528\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 Python \u306e requests<\/a> \u306f HTTP \u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3067\uff0cNode.js \u306e express<\/a> \u306f Web \u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3067\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3092\u518d\u914d\u5e03\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5f62\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2 (\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9) \u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\uff0c\u30e1\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf (\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3084\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u60c5\u5831)\uff0c\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u304c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0eRuby \u3067\u306f gem\uff0cRust \u3067\u306f crate \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u8a00\u8a9e\u6bce\u306b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8868\u3059\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u540d\u524d\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3057\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089<\/h2>\n

\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5206\u304b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff0e\u5b9f\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u8a00\u8a9e\u51e6\u7406\u7cfb\u306f\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u306b\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea (\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9) \u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\uff0c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u306f\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u304b\u3089\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\uff0c\u6c7a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u306b\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e(\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6700\u3082\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306a\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff0e)<\/p>\n

\u5b9f\u969b\u306b Node.js \u3067\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u67b6\u7a7a\u306emypackage<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e hello<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

const mypackage = require(\"mypackage\");\r\nmypackage.hello();\r\n\/\/ Hello, world! \u3068\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059:<\/p>\n
$ mkdir -p node_modules\/mypackage\r\n$ echo '\r\nconst mypackage = require(\"mypackage\");\r\nmypackage.hello();' > main.js\r\n$ node main.js\r\nmodule.js:538\r\n    throw err;\r\n    ^\r\n\r\nError: Cannot find module 'mypackage'\r\n    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:536:15)\r\n    at Function.Module._load (module.js:466:25)\r\n    at Module.require (module.js:579:17)\r\n    at require (internal\/module.js:11:18)\r\n    at Object. (\/tmp\/pack\/main.js:2:19)\r\n    at Module._compile (module.js:635:30)\r\n    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:646:10)\r\n    at Module.load (module.js:554:32)\r\n    at tryModuleLoad (module.js:497:12)\r\n    at Function.Module._load (module.js:489:3)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u307e\u3060\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff0eHello world \u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570 hello<\/code> \u3092\u542b\u3080 mypackage<\/code> \u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059:<\/p>\n
module.exports.hello = () => console.log(\"Hello, world!\");<\/code><\/pre>\n
Node.js \u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306f node_modules\/<package_name><\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u306b\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5ea6main.js<\/code> \u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff0e\u4eca\u5ea6\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\uff0cHello world! \u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059:<\/p>\n
$ mkdir -p node_modules\/mypackage\r\n$ echo 'module.exports.hello = () => console.log(\"Hello, world!\");' > node_modules\/mypackage\/index.js\r\n$ node main.js \r\nHello, world!<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3053\u308c\u3067 npm \u3084 yarn \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f!<\/p>\n
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\u30e1\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306f Python \u3067\u306f setup.py<\/code>\uff0cRuby \u3067\u306f <name>.gemspec<\/code>\uff0cNode.js (JavaScript) \u3067\u306f package.json<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u540d\u524d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0eNode.js \u3067\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3059:<\/p>\n
{\r\n  \"name\": \"mypackage\",\r\n  \"version\": \"1.2.3\",\r\n  \"description\": \"My First Package\",\r\n  \"main\": \"index.js\",\r\n  \"author\": \"Yusuke Miyazaki\",\r\n  \"license\": \"MIT\"\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
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my_package_manager install https:\/\/example.com\/packages\/mypackage.zip<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u624b\u52d5\u3067\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4f8b\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u5927\u304d\u304f\u9032\u6b69\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b\u70b9\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u307e\u3059:<\/p>\n